Song B (2026)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2026
Book Volume: 14
Pages Range: 139808-139818
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3731355
Crowd-sourced continuous control (CSCC) systems aggregate many concurrent directional votes into a single real-time control signal, enabling collective steering in live-streaming and participatory control applications. CSCC systems are vulnerable to coordinated manipulation: an increase in the adversarial share of participants can degrade or hijack the aggregated signal. Real-time detection is hard because the normal operating point is unknown and varies across sessions, trajectories, crowd sizes, and moments, and because identity- or content-level moderation may be unavailable at the timescale of a control tick. We propose a baseline-free detector that monitors the consensus strength gamma — the magnitude of the mean vote vector — and flags manipulation onset using an exponentially weighted moving-average (EWMA) baseline combined with cumulative-sum (CUSUM) change detection and a suspicion-triggered freeze that limits baseline corruption during a suspected attack. In simulation the detector achieves a true positive rate (TPR) of 0.98 at a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.03, whereas a fixed-threshold baseline has no usable operating point (the highest TPR attained is 0.47, at an FPR of 0.63). At the default operating point, detection remains near-perfect at adversarial fractions of 15% and above across N = {50, 120, 200}, while the 10% regime shows a marked drop at the prespecified reference configuration; a parameter-sensitivity analysis shows this regime to be operating-point dependent rather than an absolute limit of the observable. The detector also handles step, ramp, burst, weak-burst, and periodic attack schedules. All results are simulation-based; no human-subject validation is performed.
APA:
Song, B. (2026). Baseline-Free Real-Time Detection of Coordinated Manipulation in Crowd-Sourced Continuous Control. IEEE Access, 14, 139808-139818. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3731355
MLA:
Song, Bongkeun. "Baseline-Free Real-Time Detection of Coordinated Manipulation in Crowd-Sourced Continuous Control." IEEE Access 14 (2026): 139808-139818.
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