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The effect of bismuth oxide addition on structure, radiopacity, and acellular bioactivity of 13-93B3 borate bioactive glass

Abdolmaleki M, Clavijo-Mejía GA, Zorzin JI, Alipanah N, Boccaccini AR, Michálek M (2026)

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Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2026

Journal

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.09.003

Abstract

Bismuth oxide was progressively added in the range 0–20 wt. % to 13-93B3 borate bioactive glass via the melt-quenching technique. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry confirmed that the experimental compositions were consistent with the nominal values of all bioactive glasses (BGs). Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction revealed that all compositions remained amorphous following Bi2O3 incorporation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that Bi2O3 enters the glass network as BiOx polyhedra and modifies the distribution of borate structural units and boron coordination environments. Moreover, the progressive increase in Bi2O3 content in the 13-93B3 BG reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 514 °C for the undoped glass to 374 °C for the glass containing 20 wt. % Bi2O3, indicating a decrease in network rigidity. Importantly, Bi2O3 addition significantly enhanced the radiopacity, increasing from 0.22 ± 0.07 mm Al for the undoped 13-93B3 BG to 1.90 ± 0.20 mm Al and 3.06 ± 0.20 mm Al for the samples containing 10 wt. % and 20 wt. % Bi2O3, respectively. In-vitro bioactivity tests showed that all compositions retained the ability to form an apatite-like calcium phosphate layer after 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid, although the initially high rate and extent of surface conversion observed in undoped 13-93B3 BG diminished with increasing Bi2O3 content. Overall, Bi2O3 acts as an effective multifunctional additive in 13-93B3 borate BG, enhancing radiopacity while maintaining and modulating its bioactivity.

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How to cite

APA:

Abdolmaleki, M., Clavijo-Mejía, G.A., Zorzin, J.I., Alipanah, N., Boccaccini, A.R., & Michálek, M. (2026). The effect of bismuth oxide addition on structure, radiopacity, and acellular bioactivity of 13-93B3 borate bioactive glass. Ceramics International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.09.003

MLA:

Abdolmaleki, Mina, et al. "The effect of bismuth oxide addition on structure, radiopacity, and acellular bioactivity of 13-93B3 borate bioactive glass." Ceramics International (2026).

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